Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide which is the best choice.

Passage 1
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Computers have become so necessary to modern living that it is difficult to believe that they are a relatively recent invention. Undoubtedly, they have proved to be of great value, but they also have their disadvantages. For one thing, they have added to our already large number of crimes.
　　Hacking was the first computer crime that most of us became aware of. By using their computing expertise, people known as hackers can gain unauthorized access to someone else’s computer and make use of the data which they find there. They may, for example, get hold of lists of the names of their competitors’ clients and use these to build up their own businesses, or they may use hacking as a form of industrial espionage to find out a rival company’s plans. Other hacking activities may be more obviously criminal, in that hackers may log on to financial data in someone else’s computer and either alter it illegally or use it for fraudulent purposes.
　　 The possibility of serious financial fraud has been greatly increased by the modern practice of purchasing goods through the Internet. Apparently, the use of credit cards to pay for purchases has led to record levels of fraud with a great many people being swindled out of a great deal of money. Banks are working hard to improve online security and to provide safeguards for customers, but fraudsters are working just as hard to improve their crooked techniques.
　　Many computer users worry in case their systems are affected by computer viruses. The people who introduce such bugs into other people’s computer programs may not intentionally be committing a crime, but may be doing so as an act of mischief or spite. The motive does not really matter to the people whose data has been deleted or altered or whose files have been corrupted.
　　Computers are part of a highly technical method of working, in which there are constantly new developments. Unfortunately, there is also a constant stream of new developments in the fraud industry associated with them all. All computer users must be on their guard.

57. The inseparable connection between computers and modern living has often made us forget the fact that __________.
    A) computer crimes are increasing
    B) computers have many disadvantages
    C) computers have been in our lives not for long
    D) computers have brought about a lot of crimes
    
    
58. Which of the following factors is not mentioned in the passage as an example of hacking?
    A) Finding out a competitor’s plans.
    B) Accessing someone else’s financial data.
    C) Sending computer viruses to one’s competitors.
    D) Getting hold of the names of one’s competitors’ clients.
    
    
59. Which of the following is assumed to be a good way to ensure safety of online shopping?
    A) Avoiding using credit cards.
    B) Tracking possible fraudsters.
    C) Depositing money in a bank.
    D) Improving the banking security system.
    
    
60. The writer believes that _______.
    A) computer crimes can be eradicated
    B) people don’t care much about computer viruses
    C) people who introduce computer viruses are criminals
    D) computer users must be on guard against computer crimes
    
    
61. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
    A) Computer Technology
    B) Computer Hacking
    C) Roles of Computers
    D) Advantages of Computers

Passage 2
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　Dads make hopeless playmates, British children have decided. Fathers are too competitive and have completely lost the art of letting go, their own sons and daughters have concluded.
　　A survey of children’s attitudes, taken after research on 1200 British youngsters up to the age of 12 by the Children’s Play Council found parents in general to be poor playmates for their own children, but fathers were the worst. The men stand accused of playing only to win, lacking imagination and being unable to relax into playing without feeling self-conscious. 6 percent of children chose fathers as an ideal playmate, with only grandparents doing worse at 3 percent.
　　Tim Gill, director of the Children’s Play Council, said, “Dads have difficulty not being too competitive. Several fathers said they found it hard to get down to their children’s level. And they don’t find it easy to let children win.” “But children will get fed up if they lose all their time. It’s frankly demoralizing and not much fun,” he added.
　　The poll found that 72 percent of parents said they play with their children daily, although the children took a different view, saying play happened once a week or even less often. “I think it is sometimes a bit harder for older people to play because they lose their imagination,” a seven-year-old boy said tellingly.
　　The researcher concluded that parents simply did not know how to play, trying too often to make play educational, rather than merely fun. Play sessions were tightly managed and subject to rules, leading to the conclusion that parents’ and children’s views of play differed sharply.
　　The Children’s Play Council urged parents to allow their children to “run wild” from time to time and to try to see things from the child’s perspective. Instead of an educational game, they should simply go to the park and allow the children to lead in make-believe games.
　　The charity acknowledged the stresses of modern parenting, caused by long working hours, more dangerous traffic and the fear that strangers could harm children in the increasingly anonymous modern urban environment in which most British children live. But it urged parents to stop worrying about looking silly or “uncool” and to join in with their children wholeheartedly.

62. When playing with their children, British fathers are anything but ____________.
    A) competitive
    B) unimaginative
    C) self-conscious
    D) relaxed
    
    
63. When children lose the games all the time, they tend to feel ____________.
    A) angry
    B) challenged
    C) bored
    D) hopeless
    
    
64. We learn from the passage that British parents always try to____________.
    A) think of play as merely fun
    B) make play educational
    C) play with their children daily
    D) let their children behave as they like
    
    
65. What can we infer from the passage about British parents?
    A) They don’t play with their children wholeheartedly.
    B) They allow their children to run wild sometimes.
    C) They are confident of the environment in which the children live.
    D) They don’t want to see things from the children’s perspective.
    
    
66. The tone of the author in this passage is ____________.
    A) subjective
    B) objective
    C) sympathetic
    D) critical