1.abuse: put to wrong use
Examples:
　　　　　I never expected that he would abuse the trust I placed in him.
　　　　　She is continually abusing her authority by getting other people to do things for her.
2.elaborate: very detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and ?nished
Examples:
　　　　　A rather elaborate analysis was required to determine the cross-over values.
　　　　　The curtain had an elaborate pattern of flowers.
3. economical: using money, time, goods, etc., carefully and without waste
Examples:
　　　　　This is not a very economical method of heating.
　　　　　If you have a large family, it’s more economical to travel by car than by train.
4. undisputed: that cannot be doubted or questioned
Examples:
　　　　　He is the undisputed leader of his party.
　　　　　He’s the undisputed champion of the singing contest.
5. play a major role: be important in making changes happen
Examples:
　　　　　Their contributions played a major role in the formation of the Trade Union.
　　　　　“Pink-collar tribe” refers to women who play a major role in certain professions such as office workers, secretaries, models, etc.
6. stage: perform or arrange for public show
Examples:
　　　　　At the middle of this year the government staged a huge military parade.
　　　　　Activists staged a protest outside the parliament.
7.carry on: continue doing something
Examples:
　　　　　The board of the directors decided to carry on the discussion next day.
　　　　　Don’t waste time! Carry on with your writing.
8. come in contact with: touch or be near
Examples:
　　　　　When did you first come in contact with Prof. Willington?
　　　　　As people travel more now, they come in contact more frequently with people of different cultures.
9. bargain: agreement in which both or all sides promise to do something for each other
Examples:
　　　　　If you promote our goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain.
　　　　　The management and employees eventually made a bargain.
10. in short: by way of summary
Examples:
　　　　　This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever; in short, a total failure.
　　　　　Things couldn’t be worse, financially; in short, we’re bankrupt.
11. discard: throw (something) out or away
Examples:
　　　　　Read the manufacturer’s guidelines before discarding the box.
　　　　　Remove the seeds from the melon and discard them.
12. in the midst: surrounded by
Examples:
　　　　　The house sets down in the midst of quiet suburban homes.
　　　　　She found him in the midst of a group of his usual friends.
13. authorities: (often pl.) a person or group having the power to give orders or take action
Examples:
　　　　　The health authorities are investigating the matter.
　　　　　I shall have to report this to the authorities.
14. turn a blind eye to: deliberately ignore something that you know should not be happening?
Examples:
　　　　　Don’t turn a blind eye to matters that concern the people’s welfare.
　　　　　We can no longer claim ignorance about the effects of pollution or continue to turn a blind eye to it.
15. disguise: change the usual appearance or character of (someone or something) in order to hide the truth
Examples:
　　　　　He disguised himself by shaving his head and wearing a false beard.
　　　　　She disguised herself as a man, but she couldn’t disguise her voice.
16. cut down on: reduce the amount of something
Examples:
　　　　　Finally they have hired a new person. I hope this will cut down on our? work a little.
　　　　　What they are supposed to do is to cut down on government spending.
17. be based on: use particular information or facts as a point from which to develop an idea
Examples:
　　　　　Their working strategy is based on a study of consumer spending.
　　　　　Scientific theories must be based on facts.
18. eliminate: remove (especially someone or something that is not wanted or needed)
Examples:
　　　　　The police have eliminated two suspects from their enquiry.
　　　　　A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.
19. be taken in: be completely deceived by someone so that you believe a lie
Examples:
　　　　　I am not to be taken in by your lies.
　　　　　You must be very simple to be taken in by such a story.
20. come in: become necessary or important
Examples:
　　　　　I also need someone to persuade my parents that it’s a good idea — that’s where you come in.
　　　　　We need financial advice — that’s where Kate comes in.
21. weed out: get rid of people or things that are not very good
Examples:
　　　　　He weeded out one by one the book he did not want.
　　　　　There are too many candidates. Just weed out all the undesirables.