1.gross: very unpleasant or offensive
Examples:
　　　　　She was shocked by the gross words he used.
　　　　　We are surprised by his gross behavior.

2.security: safety
Examples:
　　　　　We are all concerned for the security of the passengers on the aircraft.
　　　　　Children count on their parents for love and security

3.pillar:
1) an important member and active supporter
Examples:
　　　　　She has been a pillar of the company all her life.
　　　　　I thought you had to be a pillar of the community to foster children.
2) a tall, narrow, solid structure, which is usually used to support part of a building
Examples:
　　　　　I fell asleep leaning against a pillar on someone’s porch.
　　　　　The roof of the building was supported by pillars, not walls.

4.surgery: treatment of injuries or diseases by cutting or removing parts of the body
Examples:
　　　　　Major surgery was needed to save the crash victim’s life.
　　　　　“Surgery will be necessary, Nurse, prepare the instruments please.”

5.bring out: cause to develop, cause to be seen
Examples:
　　　　　Diffculties can bring out a person’s best qualities.
　　　　　These dreadful circumstances bring out the worst in everybody.

6.reflection: something that shows what something else is like, or that is a sign of a particular situation
Examples:
　　　　　Their behavior was a reflection of their very different personalities.
　　　　　A high crime rate is a reflection of an unstable society.

7.in return (for): as repayment (for)
Examples:
　　　　　They have nothing to give in return.
　　　　　What can I do in return for your kindness?

8.take up: make continual efforts to gain (something)
Examples:
　　　　　The bed takes up too much space in the small room.
　　　　　Gathering evidence took up a full week’s time.

9.work at / on: give one’s attention to doing or trying to do
Examples:
　　　　　You will never become good at tennis, unless you work at / on it.
　　　　　She is working at / on a new novel.

10.sway:
1) infuence or change the opinions or actions of (somebody)
Examples:
　　　　　When choosing a job, don’t be swayed by false promises of future high earning.
　　　　　Nothing could sway her once she had made up her mind.
2) (cause to) move or swing slowly from side to side
Examples:
　　　　　Trees swayed gently in the breeze.
　　　　　She swayed her body in time with the music.

11.go into: enter a profession, state of life, etc.
Examples:
　　　　　Have you ever thought of going into journalism?
　　　　　He went into advertising / politics four years ago.

12.pursue: make continual efforts to gain (something)
Examples:
　　　　　She pursued the goal of perfection in her art.
　　　　　The development of industry must not be pursued at the expense of environmental pollution.

13.fulfill: carry out; make true
Examples:
　　　　　A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick.
　　　　　If he is lazy, he’ll never fulfill his ambition of being a doctor.

14.turn out: happen to be in the end; prove to be
Examples:
　　　　　His statement turned out to be false.
　　　　　It turned out nice and sunny again.

15.bring up: educate; rear
Examples:
　　　　　If children are badly brought up, they behave badly.
　　　　　Fathers are beginning to play a bigger role in bringing up their children.

16.complain about / of: say that one is not satisfied, that something is wrong, that one is suffering
Examples:
　　　　　Mary is always complaining about something. Why can’t she be pleasant?
　　　　　Women complain of pressure on them to get jobs.

17.hang in there: remain brave and determined when you are in a diffcult situation
Examples:
　　　　　Don’t worry. Just hang in there.
　　　　　Hang in there, you can pass the university entrance exam!

18.nature: the qualities which make someone or something different from others
Examples:
　　　　　It is not his nature to do anything rude; he is polite by nature.
　　　　　What is the nature of the new chemical?

19.instill (in / into): put (ideas, feelings, etc.) into someone’s mind by continuing effort
Examples:
　　　　　I instilled the need for good manners into all my children.
　　　　　A good teacher can instill the desire to learn in young people.

20.be concerned about: be anxious / worried about
Examples:
　　　　　He was concerned about the level of unemployment.
　　　　　We are concerned about the continuing pollution of the environment.

21.circumstances: conditions, facts, etc. connected with an event or a person
Examples:
　　　　　We cannot expect him to continue these activities under such unfavorable circumstances.
　　　　　Because of circumstances beyond our control, the meeting was cancelled.

22.that / this much: so much
Examples:
　　　　　I have only done that much so far.
　　　　　Can you afford this much for this expensive car?

23.work out:
1) (cause to) have a good result
Examples:
　　　　　Things will work themselves out.
　　　　　I hope the new job works out for you.
2) solve; find the answer to
Examples:
　　　　　John worked out this math problem all by himself.
　　　　　You seem to have the problem nicely worked out.

24.tremendously: enormously; greatly
Examples:
　　　　　There is a tremendously difficult struggle ahead of us.
　　　　　She envied and admired Judy tremendously.

25.segregation: the practice of keeping people of different races apart and making them live, work, or study separately
Examples:
　　　　　Racial segregation in schools still exists in some southern states.
　　　　　Civil rights protestors called for an end to all segregation.

26.rigid: scrupulously maintained or performed; firm, strict, not to be changed; marked by a lack of flexibility
Examples:
　　　　　If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.
　　　　　The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.

27.survive:
1) remain alive or continue to live after diseases or disasters
Examples:
　　　　　The baby was born with a heart problem and only survived for a few hours.
　　　　　It is a miracle that John survived the air crash while all the others were dead.
2) live longer than
Examples:
　　　　　It is unnatural for parents to survive their children.
　　　　　In a typical family, the wife usually survives the husband by five years or longer.

28.pass away: die
Examples:
　　　　　He passed away peacefully in his sleep.
　　　　　The teenager has lived on his own since his parents passed away four years ago.