1. 增词译
1) 在翻译过程中，常常会遇到英语句子完整，按字面译成汉语时却出现意义不清楚，译文不通顺等情况。为使译文通顺并符合中文表达，就可根据意义上和修辞上的需要增补一些上下文内容涵盖的名词、动词、形容词、副词、量词等。
　　e.g. Through the trees rises the moon, and the stars are scarcely seen.
　　一轮月亮从树后升起，天上几乎看不见星星。
　　e.g. You don't have to spend all your time visiting museums and monuments. They are certainly worthy of your time, but ignore them for a day.
　　你不必把时间全花在参观博物馆和纪念碑上面。当然它们是值得你花时间的，但今天先忘掉它们。
　　e.g. If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly.
　　要是没有过去几年的艰苦努力，现在事情就不会进行得这么顺利。
　　最后这一句中，我们增加了"现在"一词。由于该句用的是错综复杂的虚拟语气，所以加上"现在"一词，把主句中对现在进行虚拟的含义表达清楚。

2) 有时，英语的句子本身有省略，这时要根据需要在译文中补充所省略的部分。
　　e.g. Lou Whittaker has spent more of his life on mountains than off.
　　路·惠特克一生中在山上的时间多于在山下的时间。
　　e.g. Thousands went without water and electricity for days after the massive earthquake in Los Angeles.
　　在洛杉矶那场大地震后，数千人好几天都没有水电用。
　　e.g. An object is said to be hot if its temperature is much higher than that of our bodies, or cold if its temperature is much lower.
　　 如果物体温度比我们体温高得多，我们就说它热；如果比我们体温低得多，我们就说它冷。

2. 重复译
指的是在译文中重复原文中的一些词，特别对代词或替代的词常常运用重复译法，以达到明确，强调或阐述生动等修辞效果。
　　e.g. The volume of the sun is about 1,300,000 times that of the earth.
　　太阳的体积约为地球体积的1,300,000倍。
　　e.g. The sun's rays do not warm the water so much as they do the land.
　　太阳光使水升温的程度不如它使陆地升温那么强。
　　e.g. He had never acted this way, not in 25 years.
　　他从未这样干过，在二十五年里一次也没有干过。

3. 省略译
在翻译中，有时为了使译文符合中文习惯，可将原文中的有些词省略不译。
　　e.g. All the employees have been prepared for the worst to happen.
　　所有雇员都做好了最坏的打算。
　　e.g. I have heard about him, but I never met him face-to-face.
　　我久仰他大名，却未曾谋面。
　　e.g. Metals expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled.
　　金属热胀冷缩。